The Fourth Heaven

"The Fourth Heaven" is a reference to the Divine Comedy, by Dante Alighieri. In "Paradiso" (Cantos X-XIV), the Fourth Heaven is the sphere of the Theologians and Fathers of the Church. I would not presume to place myself on the same level as those greats, but I am interested in philosophy and theology; so the reference fits. I started this blog back in 2005 and it has basically served as a repository for my thoughts and musings on a wide variety of topics.

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Location: Riverside, California, United States

I am currently a graduate student in philosophy, doing research on theories of moral motivation and moral reasons. I'm also interested in topics in the philosophy of science--especially theories of explanation--and would like to become better acquainted with the writings of Kierkegaard, Husserl, and Heidegger. I am currently a member of the Free Methodist Church, have a broadly Evangelical Christian background, and am learning to better appreciate that tradition and heritage. I have a growing interest in historical and systematic theology (especially the doctrine of the Trinity and soteriology) and church history. I'm always thrilled when I get the chance to teach or preach. I like drawing, painting, and calligraphy. I really enjoy Victorian novels and I think "Middlemarch" is my favorite. I'm working on relearning how to be a really thoughtful and perceptive reader. I enjoy hiking and weight training, the "Marx Brothers", and "Pinky and the Brain".

Friday, January 26, 2007

Senior 37: In Pursuit of Perfection

These have been wonderfully rich days--full of interesting classes, meals with friends, dialogues on philosophy, spiritual encounters, enjoyable music, and engaging reading. What with all that, I'm not sure when I'm going to get around to doing actual homework.

A few highlights:

On Tuesday, 09 January 2007, Craig Keen (APU theology faculty) presented a paper entitled, "After Crucifixion: Unhanding Metaphysics in the Liturgy of the Eucharist." It prompted a great deal of thoughtful reflection and questioning about the task of philosophy.

On Wednesday, 17 January 2007, William Lane Craig gave a presentation on "What is eternity? God's relationship to time." I was very pleased to see many friends and some fellow philosophy-majors there.

On Wednesday, 24 January 2007, I met for a prayer meeting with about a dozen other students. We shared a very moving and meaningful time.

Tonight, Friday, 26 January 2007, I attended Chris Bishop's junior tuba recital. He programmed many different, interesting, and enjoyable pieces and performed very well. I'm happy for him, and sad too, because he will be leaving for Australia soon to conclude his studies for a Bachelor of Music degree. We've played together in symphonic band for three years as well as in marching band. I like to think that he had the better ear and overall tone, and I had the better sense of rhythm, and we made a really good team. I'll miss him a lot.

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I'm taking an English seminar in Victorian Literature; "Sanity and Madness" is the course theme. It it absolutely fascinating. Our first readings were from Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus and Matthew Arnold's Culture and Anarchy. At the beginning of each class, Dr. Noble opens the discussion by asking whether there is "anything to write home about" in the previous nights' reading. After a fashion, I am "writing home" about Carlyle and Arnold. The time in which they wrote was one of great change. Science was progressing at an astonishing rate and, seemingly, had given the lie to traditional (especially religious and spiritual) models of reality. And yet, for all its progress, Victorian England found itself mired in a variety of moral and social crises. Science, which promised so much, was failing to meet that most basic human need for meaning and purpose; the people of that time were directionless. And in many respects, we face this very same tension in the twenty-first century.

I think the following short passage from Culture and Anarchy expresses the situation well:

"Another newspaper, representing... one of the religious organisations of this country, was a short time ago giving an account of the crowd at Epsom on the Derby day, and of all the vice and hideousness which was to be seen in that crowd; and then the writer turned suddenly round upon Professor Huxley, and asked him how he proposed to cure all this vice and hideousness without religion. I confess I felt disposed to ask the asker this question: and how do you propose to cure it with such a religion as yours?"

Science cannot, by itself, solve the problems of the world. And religion seems to have done no good either. Carlyle advocates moving toward a "natural supernaturalism" in which the supernatural aspects of the material reality are realized. Arnold looks to education and the western literary classics for guidance. And while both these approaches bear some mark of truth, I fear that they must ultimately fall short of the goal because they fail to take seriously the fundamentally spiritual nature of the problem and human condition.

This is where true Christianity comes in--the way of Jesus, which is not about either severe legalism (what some understand by "obedience") or unmitigated license (what some understand by "grace"). It is about walking with God in interactive relationship, being transformed into His likeness by the indwelling of His Spirit, moving into a life endued with agape love. Perhaps that sounds too good to be true, or too vague to be practicable. But for those who desire it, God has opened the way and it is accessible to all.

For Church History, I am reading Martin Luther's treatise, "The Freedom of a Christian." Consider reading it--it's very understandable. And, interestingly enough, he says things very similar to Dallas Willard and Richard Foster, two contemporary Christian writers and thinkers who, alike, affirm the accessibility of the way of Jesus and the whole life that follows from that. (Also Oswald Chambers.)

In a world that is so desperately in need of direction, my hope is to come to a place where this is a lived reality in my life and I am able to articulate it for the benefit and advantage of others. I think that I am beginning to understand more clearly the relationship between grace and works. I am more excited about prayer and the other disciplines for the role they play in spiritual formation and life. And I am growing to understand (and more comfortable with) the legitimate place of rigorous intellectual effort and study for the overall Christian life. (That last one may be especially puzzling for the average contemporary lay-Christian; I'll write about that another time.)

That's the journey so far and the agenda for the future.

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God is in this place,
And that reality, seen and understood by the grace of God in Christ Jesus through the work of the Holy Spirit, makes all the difference in the world.

Thursday, January 04, 2007

Senior 36: New Year's Reflection

At first I was thinking about titling this blog based on some variation of "Miscellaneous." Whenever I do that, it means that a great deal of time has passed since I last updated. My regular output (quite steady for a few months) was abruptly halted when I tried to develop a reflection that tied together Christmas and a critique of post-modernism. I had an initial idea, but as I began to write, it just ballooned out of control, touching on more and more new and different lines of thought and defying all attempts to solidify it into a coherent whole. So I finally gave up on that idea (for the time being), having already delayed much to long.

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First off: I am finally finished with all eleven of my graduate school applications. Does that seem a little excessive to anyone besides me? Thankfully I'm getting a bit of financial help from the school, what with application fees and score submission fees and transcript fees and postage.

I received some very nice gifts over the course of the holiday (Pictured: a chest of Bentley's Tea, a case of Twinings tea (brought from England), an assortment of twenty loose-leaf teas from the Chado company, a tea infuser, and the 1948 edition of the Reader's Encyclopedia (ed. William R. Benét), opened to entries on SS. Thomas à Kempis and Thomas Aquinas (pp.978-989).

I had dinner with David and Callista at a nice Italian restaurant in Azusa, saw the Glory of Christmas at the Crystal Cathedral with my parents, got a new used car (thanks to Andy and Sarah--1993 Ford Escort), celebrated Christmas with over thirty Kenyans (complete with whole goat for dinner), visited Lake Arrowhead with Melissa, and spent New Years Eve on Colorado Blvd. for the Rose Parade. I am looking forward to a belated New Years celebration with some other relatives AND to Nick (former roommate) and Amanda visiting from Chicago.

All this, pretty much, to say that I am incredibly blessed (which leads into the first of two reflections...)

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Spending New Year's Eve on Colorado Blvd. is an experience, to say the least. (You should try it some time. Really.) At a few points over the course of the night my friends and I put the question to one another: "Why do we do this?" And when you think about it--Why do we do this??? Why do we leave the comfort of our homes to sit in the gutter in the freezing cold, surrounded by loud, obnoxious, often-inconsiderate people (our small camp was egged at about 1:00 AM); to get little sleep and no quality rest; to watch a parade from relatively poor seating (the television coverage is infinitely superior) and fight traffic to get back home when it's all done? Why??? Of course, we just laughed at ourselves--and we did have a good time together.

But at one point, someone commented on how thankful she was for her bed at home and that she didn't have to spend every night on the streets. And I thought to myself: "That's as good a reason as any (and a sight better than most) for spending New Year's Eve in the gutters of Colorado Blvd." To start the year in a spirit and attitude of heartfelt thankfulness and gratitude for all the good things we have--I can't imagine a better way to celebrate. Really, gratitude puts one in the best possible mindset for approaching any situation in life. And it's all-too-easy to fall out of that way of thinking, but what a difference it makes. There's a New Year's Resolution for you and for me--to be more grateful.

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Second reflection (on a completely different note, almost. Really closer to 'random musing' than 'reflection.')

Tonight I walked home from work in the rain. It was wonderful. I love the rain.

If I could write poetry well, I would write a poem about how the rainshower is so childish and a comic.

About how every rain drop is a joke,
Or a humorous quip sent from heaven;
Received by the earth for its delight and nourishment and renewal.

I would write about how the rivers and streams swell with laughter,
About how they chuckle and chatter, sharing the joke with everyone downstream.

And about how, like all good jokes and laughter,
They leave the recipient clean and refreshed.

I love the rain and I love laughter. I laugh whenever it rains; it makes me happy.

I have been reading a bit of George MacDonald lately. I didn't really understand Phantastes or "The Golden Key." "The History of Photogen and Nycteris" was pretty good, as was "The Shadows." But "The Gifts of the Christ Child" is excellent as is the book, At the Back of the North Wind, that I am reading now. It makes me so happy and I want to laugh aloud from pure joy when I read it. Following the story of Diamond (the protagonist) and sharing in his childishness--the good kind of childishness that one should never outgrow--is such an absolute delight. Truly, MacDonald captures something of joy that is to be found in few other places.

(This is a very random aside and very clumsy compositionally, but I'll insert it anyway; some people like film references and this thought came to me: I think one good example of pure laughter comes at the end of "The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King" after Frodo is rescued from Mt. Doom and wakes in a room in the Houses of Healing. He is startled to find himself awake, safe, and whole; looking up, he sees Gandalf standing at the foot of the bed. Their eyes meet and Gandalf begins to laugh. Frodo laughs too. That is a small glimpse of the spirit of purest laughter.)

This second reflection is much stranger than the first, I think. Maybe it connects in some strange way; at least I think there is some connection between joy, laughter, and gratitude.

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I hope, for everyone, that this new year is filled with God's richest blessings and most wholesome laughter. Happy New Year!

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God is in this place,
And that reality, seen and understood by the grace of God in Christ Jesus through the work of the Holy Spirit, makes all the difference in the world.